The 7th Imam of Shia Islam

http://www.infobarrel.com/Shia_Muslim_Musa_Kazim_the_7th_Imam_of_Islam

Article by Ian RoeBuck on Islam, Islamic Shia Muslim, Quran, and Orthodox Bahai Guardians.  Article compares Imams to Guardians, discusses Islamic Quran, and Shia.  Article reviews a little about Imam Musa Kazim, the 7th Imam, and Islam and Muslim beliefs.

Bonsai Tree Video

http://youtu.be/uc309NMDbyA

Video by Ian RoeBuck.  Video concerns Bonsai Trees.  Video has a link to an article on Bonsai Trees.

The 6th Imam

http://www.infobarrel.com/Muslim_Islamic_History_of_Shia_Islam_from_a_Baha_i_Point_of_View_on_the_6th_Imam

Article by Ian RoeBuck on Muslim Islamic history, the history of Islam, Orthodox Baha i, and Shia Islam.  Article includes information on Muslim Islamic history and 6th Imam of Shia Islam.  Article has discussion of the history of Islam and Jafar-i Sadiq from Baha i point of view.

Beekeeping

http://youtu.be/edW1zRNmAbo

Video by Ian RoeBuck.  Video on beekeeping.  Video has a link to an article on beekeeping.

Vimana and Ancient Atomic War

http://www.infobarrel.com/The_Vedas_Hindu_Texts_Vimana_and_Survival_from_an_Ancient_Atomic_War

Article by Ian RoeBuck on the Vedas, Hindu texts, vimana, pushpaka vimana, and ancient atomic war and its survival.  Article includes information on Vedas, Hindu texts, and vimana.  Article looks into pushpaka vimmana and survival from an acient atomic war.

Rotary Tools Video

http://youtu.be/ZVAeWZgG1_Q

Video by Ian RoeBuck.  Video is about rotary tools. Video has a link to an article on rotary tools.

Roswell Incident and Flying Saucers

http://www.infobarrel.com/Roswell_Flying_Saucers_and_the_Roswell_Incident

Article by Ian RoeBuck on Roswell, flying saucers, the Roswell incident, also known as the Roswell crash, or Roswell UFO.  Article contains information and a book review of Joesph P. Farrell and his book on Nazi flying saucers and the Roswell incident.  The book discusses Farrell's theory on the Roswell crash and the Roswell UFO.

Wireless Router Video

http://youtu.be/E6OcYbzgJ6U

Video by Ian RoeBuck.  Video in on Wireless Routers.  Video contains information about wireless routers.

Hinduism, an Orthodox Bahai View

http://www.infobarrel.com/Hinduism_and_the_Orthodox_Bahai_including_Krishna_Vishnu_and_the_Bhagavad_Gita

Article by Ian RoeBuck on Hinduism, Baha'i, Krishna, Vishnu, and the Bhagavad Gita.  The article discusses Hinduism, Orthodox Baha'i, and Krishna.  The article defines Vishnu, and looks at the Bhagavad Gita.

Drums Video

http://youtu.be/tO-ixmzK8uo

Video by Ian RoeBuck on homemade table drums.  Video contains references to other drums.  Video has a link to an article on drum sets.

Rescuing a Dog

Many pet owners want a less expensive dog, one that is not a pure bred.  I have written a little about this on my blog called Ians Corner.

Leadership

http://www.infobarrel.com/Leadership_and_What_is_Leadership

Article by Ian RoeBuck on leadership, concerning what is leadership, ones weakness to strength in it, leadership in management, and self-improvement.  Article discusses leadership, what is leadership, and how to turn weakness to strength in the work place.  Article speaks about leadership in management and how self-improvement can help with it.

Guitar Scales Video

http://youtu.be/rl471nYpc7A

Video on Guitar Scales by Ian RoeBuck.  Video has information about learning guitar.  Video contains a link to an article on the subject.

Joseph P. Farrell and Flying Saucer Origins

Joseph P Farrell has written an original and compelling argument for flying saucers being more earthly than extraterrestrial, and for having more to do with surviving Nazi Facist International after world war 3 than anything else.  I have an article about his newest book on Infobarrel called Flying Saucers, Psychological Warfare, Saucer Technology, Psyops, and Psyop Activites .

The 5th Imam

http://www.infobarrel.com/The_5th_Imam_of_Shia_Islam_Muhammad_Ibn_Ali_Al_Baqir

Article by Ian RoeBuck on the 5th Imam of Shia Islam, explaining Shiite Muslims beliefs, the Shia or Shiite Imams, and Shiite succession.  The article deals with the Imam, the Shiite conditions of the time, and Shia or Shiite theology.  The article covers Shia Islam and Shiite Muslims.

John Titor Time Traveler Video

http://youtu.be/mZv246rpti0

Video about John Titor Time Traveler.  Video gives some background.  Video has a link to an article on this subject.

Shaykh Ahmad i Asai and the Shaykhi School of Shia Islam

http://www.infobarrel.com/Shaykh_Ahmad-i-Ahsai_and_the_Shaykhi_School_of_Shia_Islam

Article by Ian RoeBuck on Shia Islam, how Islam Shia has Imams, on the Shia in Islam, Twelver Islam, and Shaykh Ahmad i Ahsa'i.  The article contains information about the Shaykhi school of Shia Islam, Islam Shia beliefs, and the Shia in Islam.  The article centers on Twelver Islam and Shaykh Ahmad i Ahsa'i.

Time Travel Examples Video

http://youtu.be/jBNfaYfE6kM

Video by Ian RoeBuck on Time Travel Examples.  Video discusses time travel.  Video has link to an article on time travel.

Levitation and Quantum Levitation

http://www.infobarrel.com/Levitation_Magnetic_Levitation_and_Quantum_Levitation_including_the_Great_Pyramid

Article by Ian RoeBuck on levitation, magnetic levitation, levitation magnetic, electromagnetic levitation, and quantum levitation.  The article discusses possibilities in levitation, magnetic levitation, and levitation magnetic.  The article covers electromagnetic levitation and quantum levitation.

Shamanism Video

http://youtu.be/JfSrvx4TmRo

Video by Ian RoeBuck on Shamanism.  Video contains information about the practice of Shamans.  Video has a link to an article on Shamanism.

Ian Enterprises

http://iansenterprises.webs.com/

Another one of my blogs.

Osteoporosis Video

Video on Osteoporosis by Ian RoeBuck.  Video contains information on bone loss. Video has a link to an article on Osteoporosis.  I have a blog on this subject called Ians Writers Corner.

Nikola Tesla and Pyramid Power

http://www.infobarrel.com/Free_Electricity_Pyramid_Power_and_Nikola_Tesla_Free_Energy

Article by Ian RoeBuck on free electricity, pyramid power, Nikola Tesla free energy, Nikola Tesla inventions, and wireless power.  The article discusses Nikola Tesla free energy, his possible understanding of pyramid power, and devleopment of free electricity.  The article includes some thoughts on Nikola Tesla inventions and wireless power.

Shamanism Video

http://youtu.be/JfSrvx4TmRo 

Video by Ian RoeBuck on Shamanism.  Video discusses what shamanism is.  Video has a link to an article on shamans.

Soap Making Video

Soap making can be a necessary chore in some countries, but if you make it the best you can then it can also have financial rewards by selling it.  Further, if you make it look lovely and smell good you can even sell it where there is a great deal of competition.  I have a video on this subject on YouTube called Soap Making.

Nibiru, the Nephilim, the Anunnaki from Planet Nibiru, and Zecharia Sitchin

http://www.infobarrel.com/Nibiru_the_Nephilim_the_Anunnaki_from_Planet_Nibiru_and_Zecharia_Sitchin

Article by Ian RoeBuck on Nibiru, the Nephilim, the Anunnaki from panet Nibiru, and Zecharia Sitchin.  Article discusses Nibiru, the Nephilim, and the Anunnaki.  The article shows how planet Nibiru was identified by Zecharia Sitchin.

Heterochrony Video

http://youtu.be/VpZNb9rHQcA

Video by Ian RoeBuck on heterochrony.

Dog Vomiting and Blood in Vomit

http://www.infobarrel.com/Dog_Vomiting_and_Blood_in_Vomit

Article by Ian RoeBuck on dog vomiting, blood in vomit, dog throwing up, vomiting in dogs, and dogs. Article contains information about dog vomiting, blood in vomit, and dog throwing up.  Article discusses vomiting in dogs and dogs health.

How to be an Actor

http://youtu.be/e3WNM5AjeAM

Video by Ian RoeBuck on how to be an actor.  Video contains some acting tips.  Video has a link to an article on how to be an actor.

Ghost Box

http://www.infobarrel.com/Ghost_Ghost_Hunt_and_a_Ghost_Box_using_an_EMF_Meter_and_an_EMF_Detector

Article by Ian RoeBuck on using EMF detector and EMF meter, also a Ghost Box on a ghost hunt looking for a ghost. The article discusses teh proper use of a ghost box and mentions EMF detector and EMF meter.  Article has information on ghost and ghost hunt.

Ballroom Dancing Video

http://youtu.be/asQjr221jFg

Video by Ian RoeBuck on Ballroom Dancing.  Video contains information on dance.  Video has a link to an article on ballroom dancing.

Time Slips

http://www.infobarrel.com/Timeslips_Time_Travel_and_Time_Travelers

Article by Ian RoeBuck on timeslips, timer traveler, time travelers, time travel, and time.  Article discusses timeslips and two time travelers who may have only been one time traveler.  The article includes thoughts on time travel and time.

Performance Arts Video

http://youtu.be/MQeN0XESMCY

Video by Ian RoeBuck.  Video is about performance arts.  Video has a link to an article on performance arts.

Home Song Writing Studios

Home song writing studios need not cost thousands of dollars, but can be done relatively cheaply.  I have written a little about this on my blog called Ian's Writer's Corner.

Orthodox Baha'i Prayers

Orthodox Baha'i Prayers can be spoken or silent, contain genuflections or not, and a few are obligatory.  Work done in service to mankind is the highest form of prayer, and prayer can be chanted or sung.  I have a short video on this at YouTube.com called Orthodox Baha'i Prayer.

Yoga Meditation and Aleternative Medinine

http://www.infobarrel.com/Yoga_Meditation_and_Alternative_Medicine_for_Stress_Anorexia_and_Bulimia

Article by Ian RoeBuck on yoga, stress, meditation, anorexia, and bulimia.  The article discusses yoga and meditation as ways of reducing stress.  The article shows how anorexia and bulimia can have alternative health relief.

Ayurvedic Medicine Video

http://youtu.be/vtpz-kASgw0

Video by Ian RoeBuck on Ayurvedic Medicine.

Roadside Stands

http://www.infobarrel.com/How_to_have_a_Roadside_Stand_Buy_Wholesale_and_How_to_Sell_at_Flea_Market_and_Roadside_Stands

Article by Ian RoeBuck on how to have a roadside stand, buy wholesale and how to sell at flea market and roadside stands.  Article has advice about fea market sales how to sell, and about buying wholesale.  The article discusses roadside stands, and how to have a roadside stand.

Traveliong with a Dog Video

http://youtu.be/xbxdZ9h3bJs

Video by Ian RoeBuck on traveling with a dog.

The 4th Imam of Shia Islam

http://www.infobarrel.com/Zainul_Abideen_the_4th_Imam_of_Shia_Muslim_Islam_History_and_the_Umayyad_of_His_Time

Article by Ian RoeBuck on Zainul Abideen, the 4th Imam of Muslims of the Shia Muslim Islam history, and the Muslim Umayyad.  The article concerns Muslims and the Umayyad dynasty in Islam history.  It shows the conflict between Shia Muslim and Sunni Muslim leadership from an Orthodox Baha'i point of view.

Barking Dogs

http://youtu.be/GTXs79Kskao

Video by Ian RoeBuck on dog barks.  Video has information about why dogs bark.  Video has a link to an article on Dog Barks.

Imam Husayn, the 3rd Imam of Shia Islam

http://www.infobarrel.com/Imam_Husayn_the_3rd_Imam_of_the_Shiite_Muslims_and_His_Fight_Against_the_Umayyad

Article by Ian RoeBuck on the Imam Husayn, the 3rd Imam of Shia Islam, the Muslim division of Muslim Shiite and Sunni Muslims and the war waged against Imam Husayn by the Umayyad.  The article shows Muslim thoughts on the Muslim religion and Muslims keeping faith.  The article centers of the Shiite and Umayyad split.

Piri Reis Maps Video

http://youtu.be/WFeYjOlQm1k

Video by Ian RoeBuck on the Piri Reis Maps.  Video discusses antiquity of maps.  Video has a link to an article on the Piri Reis Maps.

Vimana and the Vedic Traditions as relates to Tesla and Sonic Weapons

http://www.infobarrel.com/Vimana_and_Vedic_Tradition_as_relates_to_Tesla_Sonic_Weapon_and_Sonic_Weapons_in_General

Article by Ian RoeBuck on Vimana, Vedic Tradition, Tesla, his soic weapon, and sonic weapons in general.  The article discusses Vimana and Vedic trraditions about sonic weapons.  The article implies that Tesla had a sonic weapon and that they have been developed by the Unied States.

Hitler and the Perversion of Paganism

http://youtu.be/uBS_s50KQkI

Video by Ian RoeBuck on Hitler and paganism. Video discusses how Hitler perverted real paganism.  Video has a link to an article on Hitler and the Perversion of Paganism.

Rotary Tools

I do Luthier work, which is making musical instruments, and I find that a rotary tool, like a Dremmel for instance, is very helpful in what I do.  I have written a little about this in my blog called Ians Writers Corner.

Aren't Dinosaurs Extinct?

It seems that no one in the scientific community has the courage to actually say what i am thinking about finding soft tissue of dinosaurs in fossils thought to be millions of years old and some DNA fragments as well.  What I am asking is, are you sure that the fossils really are millions of years old and no just perhaps 10's of thousands or even thousands?  I have a short video on this subject on YouTube called Dinosaurs Still Alive Arent They Extinct.

JR Worsley's Legacy to the Practice of Acupuncture

This article is very interesting and I am reprinting it here with the author's permission.

by Peter Mole (Email: gye@5element.com.au)

JR Worsley's death on June 2nd, 2003 has inspired several obituaries and tributes in the pages of EJOM and elsewhere. He was an inspiring teacher and a remarkable practitioner, but what did he teach? And how does the style he taught fit into Chinese medicine theory? This article attempts to give a brief outline of his approach for those who were not taught by him. This interpretation of his teaching is solely that of the author and should in no way be construed as any form of authorised synopsis of his teachings. Any misunderstandings or omissions are purely the responsibility of the author.

Introduction

In the 1960's when JR Worsley was learning acupuncture, it was not possible to visit China. In the absence of teachers from China, he learnt from practitioners from Europe, as well as Japan, Korea and Taiwan. He visited the Far East several times. In Japan the Five Elements has been the dominant underlying principle in oriental medicine and the Nan Jing (first or second century AD), which is largely based on Five Element theory, has always been the main classic. Taiwan (where JR Worsley visited the teacher Wu Wei-ping) had been ruled by Japan for most of the twentieth century. Its practice of acupuncture was heavily influenced by Japanese-inspired Five Element thinking. Peter Eckman's In the Footsteps of the Yellow Emperor is an extraordinary piece of detective work into JR Worsley's different teachers and the history of acupuncture in the UK in the 1960's.

Although there are a couple of significant innovations, Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture1 is a very 'classical' style, firmly rooted in the Han dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) classics of Chinese medicine. In fact it is the acupuncture style that in some ways most closely adheres to the values and priorities expressed in the Nei Jing and other classics.

It is hard to say how many practitioners now practise acupuncture based upon what they learnt from him or his students teaching the style. A survey carried out in 1995 of members of the British Acupuncture Council showed that 38% of practitioners were using the style 'regularly' compared to 66% using TCM2 and 8% using Japanese Meridian therapy3. In many ways Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture is radically different from both these styles.

The Main Characteristics of the Style

The observation and experience of nature is regarded as being a major path to understanding people and illness

The qualitative nature of the Five Elements can be best understood by the observation and experience of nature. The differing qualities of qi expressed in the cycle of the seasons serve as a model for understanding how the Five Elements manifest in a person. The melancholic nature of autumn, for example, resonates with the emotion associated with the metal element, grief. The dynamic thrusting qi of the spring is reflected in the creative assertive nature of the wood element. Worsley strongly urged his students to deepen their understanding of how humanity is an integral part of nature and how the Five Elements are represented within the person. This attitude was expressed in the Han dynasty Daoist classic, the Huainanzi; 'I have gazed upwards to study Heaven and examined the Earth below me and about me, and sought understanding of the principles of humanity.'4

Emphasis is placed on nourishing the most underlying imbalance via treatment of the CF (`Causative Factor') or constitutional imbalance

The diagnosis and treatment of a primary constitutional imbalance lies at the heart of the style. Chapter 64 of the Ling Shu set out the concept of the Five Element types, including the concept of each element having each of the Five Elements represented within it. It is therefore possible to diagnose twenty five constitutional types. Most practitioners, however, concentrate on diagnosing and treating the primary element, or CF, as it is known. Very little, if any, treatment is carried out specifically focused upon a particular physical symptom.

CF stands for 'Causative Factor', a term borrowed from homeopathy. J.R. Worsley's assertion that 'all' imbalances result from the Causative Factor is a simplification that fails to take into account the pernicious effects on a person's health of diet, climate, drugs, etc. For this reason the term is unclear and many practitioners prefer the term Constitutional Factor. What is striking is how treatment focused on the CF has the ability to initiate extraordinary changes in a person's health and sense of well-being. As the CF is the primary imbalance, change is commonly initiated in other organs and elements not treated directly. This is due to the relationships between the elements expressed in the sheng and ke cycles.

Diagnosis is based entirely on `signs' as opposed to symptoms

Most styles of Chinese medicine base their diagnosis on a mixture of signs, such as pulse and tongue, and the nature of the patient's symptoms. Worsley taught that physical symptoms are not to be relied upon for diagnosis of the underlying imbalances in the person's qi. The colour on the face, the sound of the voice, the odour and the predominant inappropriate emotion are the primary indicators of the CF.5 Diagnosis is therefore dependent on the sensory acuity of the practitioner, rather than the answers to any questions the practitioner might ask.

In an innovation, he attributed an inappropriate need for sympathy, to feel cared for, as being indicative of imbalance in the earth element. Sympathy largely replaces si, over-thinking or worry, which is not a true emotion. According to Su Wen, Chapter 39, si 'knots' the qi, which is not a movement of qi as implied in the word emotion. The traditional associations outlined in Su Wen chapter 5 - anger for wood, joy for fire, grief for metal and fear for water - provided diagnostic indicators for the condition of each of the other elements.

The nature of each element is also revealing diagnostically. An extreme expression of an element's characteristics reveals imbalance. For example, as it says in the Shu Jing, wood 'permits of curved surfaces or straight edges'.6 A tendency towards excessive rigidity or inappropriate flexibility in the mind and spirit can often be seen in people whose wood element is imbalanced. Metal CFs tend to be somewhat inert emotionally compared to fire CFs who are usually more volatile. These kinds of characteristics can reveal much about the balance of the Five Elements.

The patient's underlying health is enhanced to alleviate the patient's physical and psychological complaints. Subsequently emphasis is placed on preventive treatment

Focusing treatment on the root or underlying imbalance leads to an overall improvement in the patient's health. This is usually reflected in the person 'feeling better in her or himself'. A key goal of treatment, therefore, is an improvement in the patient's feelings of well-being and vitality.

As diagnosis is based on signs rather than symptoms it is relatively easy for the practitioner to make a diagnosis of dysfunction before symptoms arise. Preventive treatment based upon 'nourishing the root' (yangben) is emphasised. This is in keeping with the recommendation in both the Nei Jing and the Nan Jing to treat people preventively.7

Emphasis is placed on 'balancing' the Five Elements

One of the key goals of treatment is to bring about greater harmony in the Five Elements. Pulse diagnosis is used to assess the accuracy of the CF diagnosis. Treatment focused on the CF generates more harmonious pulses. This can be better quantitative and/or qualitative balance. Change must be seen to take place on organs/elements not treated directly.

Treatment protocols can be employed to transfer qi, for example using tonification and sedation points, to lessen the imbalances detected between the elements. A practitioner will usually only end a particular treatment when the pulses have shown a significant change and achieved a reasonably harmonious state.

The principles of needling dictate that needling should stop as soon as qi is brought into harmony.' Ling Shu, Chapter 9.

Pulse diagnosis

Pulse diagnosis is used extensively to discern the balance of the elements and to monitor the patient's response to treatment. The 28 classical qualities are not used, as the strength of the pulse is regarded as the most important factor.8 The relative strength and quality of each pulse compared to each of the others is assessed.

Taking the pulses throughout the treatment helps the practitioner decide whether to treat further or not. Over a course of treatments, the pulses are used to ascertain which elements are responding to treatment on the CF element and which are not.

Emphasis on treating the patient's mind and spirit

The practitioner observes and experiences the patient's spirit, especially focusing on how the emotions have affected it. Worsley did not teach specifically about the shen, hun, po, yi and zhi. Worsley preferred to look into a patient's eyes and heart to see which emotions were causing suffering in the patient's spirit.

The spirit is also assessed in regard to the description of the organs given in Su Wen, chapter 8. In this chapter they are described as being like officials in a court, each with its own role. For example, 'The Liver is the general who works out the plans' and the 'The Gall-Bladder is responsible for what is just and exact. Determination and decision stem from it.'9 Along with colour, sound, emotion and odour, dysfunction of the 'officials' is used to diagnose the CF.

Treatment is largely focused on enhancing the health of the person's spirit. This is in keeping with many references in the classics of Chinese medicine. For example 'When one applies medical treatment, one must keep in mind first of all, the patient's spirit'.10 Ling Shu, Chapter 8. Treatment on the CF may be ineffective if the practitioner is unable to affect the patient's spirit.

In order to make all acupuncture thorough and effective one must first cure the spirit'. Su Wen, Chapter 25.

Emphasis on the internal/emotional causes over and above the external/climatic and miscellaneous causes

The emotions are both powerful causes of imbalance in the Five Elements and crucial diagnostic indicators of the health of an element. As the Su Wen says, 'The emotions of joy and anger are injurious to the spirit (shen). Cold and heat are injurious to the body''.11 Diagnosis of the CF is partly made by deciding on the effect created by the patient's experience of the five emotions of anger, joy, the need for sympathy, grief and fear. Realising that a patient is perhaps consumed by resentment, beset by anxieties, unable to fully grieve or to really experience joy is to make an essential diagnostic discovery. Describing the effects of intense emotions on a person's qi, Su Wen, Chapter 76, states; 'A physician cannot be regarded as a good one unless he can detect such things in his diagnosis',12

The importance of rapport

JR Worsley taught that there is infinitely more to the practice of medicine than just making a correct diagnosis and carrying out appropriate treatment. Few patients reveal the suffering in their spirits caused by painful emotions unless a high degree of rapport is achieved. Grief, anxiety, heartbreak, anger and other emotions are commonly hidden from sight. Rapport is the catalyst that enables patients to reveal something of their inner world to the practitioner. The appropriateness of the emotions can therefore be assessed more accurately when there is trust and intimacy.

Rapport and assessing the emotions is emphasised when questioning a patient

The dialogue with the patient is largely used as a vehicle for 'testing' the patient's emotions. 'How' a patient describes a situation can reveal their emotional predispositions. The practitioner may encourage the expression of emotions in order to gain insight into the nature of the patient's Five Elements. Dialogue also gives the opportunity to diagnose whether the sound of the voice is predominantly shouting, laughing, singing, weeping or groaning.

If a man is brusque in his movements, others will not cooperate. If he is agitated in his words, they awaken no echo in others. If he asks for something without having first established relations, it will not be given to him.' Confucious, Analects.

The importance of intention

The intention of the practitioner is crucial to the efficacy of the treatment. Acupuncture is a subtle form of medicine and is greatly helped by a harmonious and, in some ways, intimate relationship between patient and practitioner. At the moment of needling the practitioner needs to focus her or his intention in order to bring about a change in the patient's qi and spirit. As Sun Si-Miao wrote nearly 1500 years ago, 'Medicine is intention (yi). Those who are proficient at using intention are good doctors.'13

Minimum Intervention

JR Worsley stressed the desirability of effecting the maximum change in the person's qi through using as few needles as possible. The great physician Hua To, for example, was admired for his ability to treat patients effectively by using only one or two needles.14 Diagnosing and treating the CF, the person's primary and constitutional imbalance, is the key to this principle. A Chinese herbalist will often write a prescription which has herbs for several different patterns. A practitioner of Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture, however, is inclined to initiate change in the primary imbalance and observe what change this produces in other elements.

This emphasis on the inter-relationship between the elements and organs is characteristic of many schools of Five Element acupuncture. Pulse diagnosis is used throughout the treatment to this end. This is made easier through the use of the Japanese needling technique of tonifying without retention. This allows for monitoring of the effect of each point by pulse diagnosis.

Emphasis on treating chronic conditions

In general J.R. Worsley did not advocate making significant change to treatment protocols if the patient came in with an acute condition, such as an infection. He believed that strengthening the person's CF, and perhaps other organs, thus assisting their ability to throw off the illness, was usually the best treatment. Although this can be true, many practitioners trained in TCM see this as a significant weakness in his style.

For the treatment of chronic conditions, however, especially for those that largely stem from weaknesses in the patient's constitution or from emotional causes, it can be extraordinarily effective.

Four Blocks to treatment

JR Worsley taught that there are four important ways that a patient's qi can become pathological. If any of these 'blocks' are diagnosed then they should be cleared before the CF is treated.15 'Aggressive Energy'. This method of diagnosing the presence and clearing xie qi (more usually translated as 'perverse' or 'evil' qi) probably derives from an oral Taiwanese tradition.16 Worsley taught that patients should have the back shu points of the yin organs very superficially needled in order to clear any 'Aggressive Energy' present. If present in an organ it can affect the yin organ across the ke cycle in a destructive way. `Aggressive Energy' can cause severe problems, physically and/or psychologically.

Husband/wife Imbalance. This imbalance is regarded as extremely serious and potentially life-threatening. It can also be the cause of severely disturbed psychological states, especially deep resignation and/or extreme anxiety. It is diagnosed from the pulses and the condition of the person. The pulses of the left hand (husband side) should be slightly stronger and qualitatively superior to those on the right hand (wife side). Transfers of qi are carried out between the organs diagnosed on the pulses of the right hand to those on the left until the left hand pulses are fuller.17

Possession. Two treatment protocols can be used when the patient's spirit is no longer fully under their control. Obsessive thoughts, 'psychic disturbance', the feeling that 'the lights are on but nobody is at home', or a deadness or glazed expression in the eyes can all be indications of 'possession'. Psychological trauma or extremely intense emotions are the usual causes. Either the '7 Internal Dragons' (points on the front of the body) or the '7 External Dragons' (on the back of the body) are treated to clear the 'possession'.

Entry-Exit Blocks. In Ling Shu, Chapter 16, a circuit of qi is described that starts in the lung channel, flows through the 12 organ channels and finishes in the liver channel. Blocks can arise between channels or, less commonly, in a channel. The point of entry and/or the point of exit is treated in order to clear the block, which if present, can lead to a significant improvement in the patient's health.18

Emphasis on the 'spirit' of the points and the name of the point. Also emphasis on 'command points'

Points are used in three main ways in Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture.

According to the type of point. These uses were first laid down in the early classics, especially the Nei Jing. For example, different types of points are back-shu points; yuan-source points, element points, tonification points etc. These points form the basis of much of the treatment. The Five Element associations of the points are of particular significance as they allow 'transfers' of qi between organs. They also allow the practitioner to influence the elements within the element, for example reducing the fire in the liver by using Liv 2 xing jian.

According to the qualities implied by the names given to them in antiquity. For example, points such as Ht 7 shen men, Spirit Gate, or Ki 25 shen cang, Spirit Storehouse, can be used to treat a person at the level of the spirit. The great physician Sun Si Miao wrote 'The names of the points are not nominal; each has a profound meaning'.19 The use of points based upon the name of the point became a major aspect of the point selection of many Daoist practitioners and is described in the Yellow Court Classic (+ second century), a component of the Daoist Canon or Dao Zang.20 There are still Daoist practitioners21 who have maintained the tradition of using point names extensively in their treatments.

Using a combination of points. Some points are used together to create a specific effect. For example using a point just below Ren 15 jiu wei ren, St 25 tian shu, St 32 fu tu and St 41 jie xi to clear possession or exit and entry points, such as Liv 14 qi men and Lu 1 zhong fu , to clear a block.

These are the key areas that mark out J.R. Worsley's style of acupuncture. There are many other aspects that are distinctive to the style. For example, some Japanese diagnostic protocols were taught, such as abdominal diagnosis and the Akabane test. The 'Chinese clock' is used diagnostically and the horary points are used at particular times of day. The Korean Four Needle technique is sometimes used to transfer qi.

Conclusion

If the reader has followed this far then it should be apparent that Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture is based upon quite different presuppositions and values to TCM, Japanese Meridian Therapy or any other style of acupuncture currently being taught. Through the observation of the cycles that occur in nature, the Five Elements in a human being can be understood. Based entirely on signs, rather than symptoms, a diagnosis is made of which element is the person's primary constitutional imbalance. Treatment is then focused on nourishing the root to promote health in the person's body, mind and spirit. The health of the spirit is often regarded as the main priority. Minimum intervention is prized, as is preventive treatment. The classics of Chinese medicine support all these principles.

The Ming dynasty physician Xu Dachun wrote 'Illnesses may be identical but the people who have them are different'.22 In some ways this phrase appears to sum up the difference between Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture and other styles of acupuncture that concentrate more upon the nature of the person's illnesses. Practitioners of TCM, for example, focus much of their diagnosis on understanding the energetic disharmonies that manifest in a particular symptom. Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture, however, focuses upon diagnosing and treating the energetic disharmonies of the different people who have the illnesses.

But the statement implies a duality between the person and the illness, as though they were disconnected from each other. The good practice of medicine, of whatever lineage, has always been concerned with the person, the illness and the relationship between them. This is expressed in Chinese medicine by the concepts of ben and biao, root and manifestation. The concept of the CF and the practitioner's focus on generating change in the person's spirit make Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture a style almost exclusively focused on nourishing the root (ben). Other styles of acupuncture are often more focused on treating the manifestation (biao) and if consistent treatment on the root is ineffective this is what is required. As it says in Su Wen, Chapter 62 'One should first treat the root, then later treat the symptoms.'23

What is undeniable is that the style that JR Worsley taught has been hugely influential in the growth of acupuncture in the UK, USA and to a lesser extent in other countries such as Holland, Norway, Canada and Germany. His greatest gift to the acupuncture community was in his understanding and teaching of how to use acupuncture to treat people rather than illnesses. For this reason alone, Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture offers a tremendous amount to practitioners trained in other styles of acupuncture. Added to good quality TCM or one of the different Japanese styles it gives the practitioner a diagnostic and therapeutic practice that can enhance patients' health to an extraordinary degree. Many tens of thousands of patients have already benefited and many more will in the future. That is a great and extraordinary legacy for any person to leave behind.

References

1. The style of acupuncture taught by JR Worsley came to be known in recent years as Classical Five-Element Acupuncture™. In this article I shall use the term Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture.
   
2. The acronym TCM is used to describe that style of Chinese medicine currently taught and practised in China.
   
3. Dale J. (1996). Diversity amidst Unity?: Responses to a Survey of Acupuncture Practitioners. European Journal of Oriental Medicine, Vol 2. No 1.
   
4. De Bary W.T., Watson, B., Chan, W.T. (1960). Sources of Chinese Tradition, New York, Columbia University Press.
   
5. The idea that imbalance of an organ or element produces these energetic signs comes from the Nei Jing and Nan Jing. Chapter 34 of the Nan Jing, Su Wen chapters 4 and 5 and Ling Shu chapter 49 amongst others, outline the emotion, colour, sound and odour that 'resonate' with each organ.
   
6. Quoted in Needham J. (1956). Science and Civilisation in China, Vol 2, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p 243.
   
7. Su Wen, Chapter 1 and Nan Jing, Chapter 61.
   
8. That is not to say that qualities are not detected by the practitioner. 'Thin' for example would be registered as a form of weakness. 'Wiry' would often be seen as a form of fullness.
   
9. Larre C, Rochat de Valle E. (1992). The Secret Treatise of the Spiritual Orchid, Cambridge, Monkey Press, pages 53 and 67.
   
10. Sunu,Ki. (1985). The Canon of Acupuncture, Los Angeles, Yuin University Press, page 108.
    
11. Veith I. (1949). The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press.
    
12. Lu, H. (1973). The Yellow Emperor's Book of Acupuncture, Vancouver, Academy of Oriental Heritage.
    
13. Scheid V, Bensky D. (1998). Medicine as signification - moving towards healing power in the Chinese medical tradition. European Journal of Oriental Medicine, Vol 2 No 6.
    
14. Da Cheng quoted in Soulie De Morant G. (1994). Chinese Acupuncture, Brookline Massachusetts, Paradigm Publications, page 10.
    
15. Bob Flaws wrote an interesting article in November 1989 edition of the Traditional Acupuncture Society Journal (sadly now hard to find), entitled Four LA Blocks to Treatment. (LA stood for Leamington Acupuncture, as it originated in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire where JR Worsley taught). He gives his understanding of the place the 'four blocks' in the body of Chinese medicine.
    
16. Eckman P. (1996). In the Footsteps of the Yellow Emperor, San Francisco, Cypress Book Company, page 201.
    
17. J.R. Worsley's knowledge of the Law of Husband/wife probably derived from the French teacher Soulie de Morant who learnt acupuncture in China during the 1920's and 1930's. See Eckman P. (1996). In the Footsteps of the Yellow Emperor, San Francisco, Cypress Book Company, page 203.
    
18. P. Eckman notes that this protocol was being taught in the Shanghai Military Medical College in the 1960's but is not to be found in Chinese textbooks since that time. See Eckman P. (1996). In the Footsteps of the Yellow Emperor, San Francisco, Cypress Book Company, page 203.
    
19. Ellis A, Wiseman N, Boss K. (1989). Grasping the Wind, Brookline MA Paradigm Publications.
    
20. Eckman P. (1996). In the Footsteps of the Yellow Emperor, San Francisco, Cypress Book Company, page 213.
    
21. Such as Jeffrey Yuen in New York.
    
22. Unschuld P. (1990). Forgotten Traditions of Ancient Chinese Medicine, Brookline Massachusetts, Paradigm Publications, page 17.
    
23. Lu, H. (1973). The Yellow Emperor's Book of Acupuncture, Vancouver, Academy of Oriental Heritage

About the Author
Peter Mole has been a practitioner of Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture since 1978. He studied with JR Worsley for many years and received his Master of Acupuncture qualification from him in 1984. He has been a teacher of this style for over twenty years, first at the College of Traditional Acupuncture in Leamington Spa and latterly at the College of Integrated Chinese Medicine in Reading, where he is the Dean. His book for the general public, Acupuncture, Energy Balancing for Body, Mind and Spirit, has a Five Element emphasis. He has just completed co-writing, with John and Angela Hicks, a text book called Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture, Nourishing the Root, which was published in 2004. peter@cicm.org.uk. www.5element.com.au

(To contact this author, Email: gye@5element.com.au)

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